Quiz

Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone?

A) Stimulation of linear growth

B) Promotion of insulin sensitivity

C) Increase in muscle mass

D) Stimulation of IGF-1 secretion by liver

A 14-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician's office for a routine check-up. His parents are concerned about his height, as he appears shorter than his peers. He has no significant medical history and is otherwise healthy. Physical examination reveals Tanner stage III pubertal development and a height of 5 feet 2 inches (158 cm). His growth chart shows a consistent growth velocity at the 10th percentile for his age. Laboratory tests reveal normal thyroid function, serum electrolytes, and renal function. A growth hormone stimulation test is ordered, which shows a suboptimal response to stimulation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Growth hormone deficiency

B) Precocious puberty

C) Constitutional growth delay

D) Hypothyroidism

A 25-year-old woman presents with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Serum prolactin level is markedly elevated. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial test to confirm the diagnosis?

A) Serum estrogen levels

B) Serum FSH and LH levels

C) Serum thyroid function tests

D) Serum pregnancy test

Which hormone is also known as somatotropin?

A) Insulin

B) Cortisol

C) Growth hormone

D) Thyroid hormone

What is the primary regulatory molecule secreted by the liver in response to growth hormone (GH) action on target tissues?

A) Glucagon

B) Somatostatin

C) Insulin

D) Somatomedin C (IGF-1)

Which of the following conditions is most likely to increase growth hormone secretion?

A) Hyperglycemia

B) Aging

C) Obesity

D) Hypoglycemia

Which of the following stimuli is NOT known to increase prolactin secretion?

A) Nipple stimulation

B) Estrogen administration

C) Dopamine agonists

D) Emotional stress

Excess secretion of growth hormone (GH) can lead to which of the following conditions?

A) Cushing syndrome

B) Addison's disease

C) Acromegaly

D) Hyperthyroidism

What is the primary stimulus for growth hormone (GH) release from the anterior pituitary?

A) High blood glucose levels

B) Low blood calcium levels

C) Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

D) Thyroid hormone

A 30-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist with complaints of irregular menstrual cycles and galactorrhea. She reports that her periods have become less frequent over the past year and she has noticed occasional milk discharge from her breasts. She is not pregnant and has no history of recent childbirth. Physical examination is unremarkable except for milky discharge from both nipples upon gentle manipulation. Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum prolactin levels. Thyroid function tests are within normal limits. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Prolactinoma

B) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

C) Hypothyroidism

D) Hyperprolactinemia due to medication

Which of the following hormones is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary?

A) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

B) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

C) Growth hormone (GH)

D) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What is the primary function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

A) Regulation of blood pressure

B) Regulation of blood glucose levels

C) Regulation of serum osmolality and water balance

D) Stimulation of muscle growth

Which condition is characterized by decreased ADH levels?

A) Central diabetes insipidus

B) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

C) Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

D) Hypothyroidism

Which of the following is a treatment for central diabetes insipidus?

A) Octreotide

B) Desmopressin

C) Somatostatin

D) Prednisone

Which of the following statements regarding prolactin regulation is correct?

A) Prolactin secretion is primarily inhibited by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

B) Dopamine has a stronger inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion compared to TRH.

C) Prolactin stimulates ovulation in females by increasing GnRH secretion.

D) Estrogens act as dopamine agonists, inhibiting prolactin secretion.

Which of the following medications is commonly used in the treatment of prolactinomas?

A) Prednisone

B) Bromocriptine

C) Metformin

D) Levothyroxine