Quiz

Which thyroid cancer has the worst prognosis and is associated with TP53 mutation?

A. Papillary carcinoma

B. Follicular carcinoma

C. Medullary carcinoma

D. Anaplastic carcinoma

A thyroid biopsy shows polygonal cells in an amyloid stroma that stains with Congo red. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Papillary carcinoma

B. Follicular carcinoma

C. Medullary carcinoma

D. Anaplastic carcinoma

What is the primary cell type involved in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?

A. Follicular cells

B. Parafollicular "C cells"

C. Lymphocytes

D. Histiocytes

A 45-year-old woman presents with a solitary thyroid nodule that is non-functional on a radioactive iodine scan. Fine needle aspiration reveals follicular cells without evidence of capsular or vascular invasion. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Papillary carcinoma

B. Follicular adenoma

C. Follicular carcinoma

D. Medullary carcinom

A 60-year-old man presents with a rapidly enlarging neck mass, dysphagia, and hoarseness. Fine needle aspiration cytology reveals pleomorphic cells with high mitotic activity. Which genetic mutation is most commonly associated with this condition?

A. RET/PTC rearrangements

B. BRAF mutations

C. TP53 mutation

D. PAX8-PPAR-γ translocations

A 30-year-old female undergoes a thyroidectomy for a nodule diagnosed as papillary carcinoma. Post-operatively, she develops hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. Which of the following structures was most likely injured during surgery?

A. Parathyroid glands

B. External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

C. Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

D. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A thyroid nodule biopsy shows follicular cells arranged in uniform follicles with evidence of capsular and vascular invasion. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Papillary carcinoma

B. Follicular adenoma

C. Follicular carcinoma

D. Medullary carcinoma

Which of the following thyroid cancers is associated with MEN 2A and 2B syndromes and produces calcitonin?

A. Papillary carcinoma

B. Follicular carcinoma

C. Medullary carcinoma

D. Anaplastic carcinoma

Which histological feature is characteristic of papillary carcinoma?

A. Pleomorphic cells with high mitotic activity

B. Uniform follicles

C. "Orphan Annie" nuclei and psammoma bodies

D. Sheets of polygonal cells in an amyloid stroma

A patient with a thyroid nodule has a biopsy showing cells with nuclear grooves. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Papillary carcinoma

B. Follicular adenoma

C. Follicular carcinoma

D. Medullary carcinoma