Quiz

Question: During embryonic development, from which structure does the thyroid diverticulum arise, and what is its eventual destination?

A) Fourth pharyngeal pouch; lateral neck region

B) Floor of primitive pharynx; descends into the neck

C) Rathke pouch; posterior to the pituitary gland

D) Foramen cecum; anterior to the mandible

Question: A 25-year-old female presents with difficulty swallowing and a palpable midline neck mass that moves with protrusion of the tongue. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Lingual thyroid

B) Persistent cervical sinus

C) Thyroglossal duct cyst

D) Pharyngeal cleft cyst

Question: Which of the following hormones is primarily secreted by the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans?

A) Glucagon

B) Insulin

C) Somatostatin

D) ACTH

Question: The α subunit of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland is common to which of the following hormones?

A) TSH, LH, FSH, and hCG

B) Prolactin and GH

C) ACTH, β-endorphin, and MSH

D) Vasopressin and oxytocin

Question: Which layer of the adrenal cortex primarily produces mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

A) Zona glomerulosa

B) Zona fasciculata

C) Zona reticularis

D) Adrenal medulla

Question: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) is primarily secreted from which region of the pituitary gland?

A) Pars distalis (anterior pituitary)

B) Pars nervosa (posterior pituitary)

C) Pars intermedia (intermediate lobe)

D) Pars tuberalis

Question: Thyroid follicular cells originate from which embryonic germ layer?

A) Mesoderm

B) Ectoderm

C) Endoderm

D) Extraembryonic mesoderm

Question: Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, which secrete calcitonin, derive from which embryonic structure?

A) Fourth pharyngeal pouch

B) Mesodermal layer

C) Rathke pouch

D) Lateral lingual

A 22-year-old male presents with a painless midline neck mass that moves upward with protrusion of the tongue. On physical examination, the mass is located just below the hyoid bone and moves with swallowing. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Lingual thyroid C)

B) Persistent cervical sinus

C)Thyroglossal duct cyst

D) Lateral thyroglossal duct cyst

Question: A 15-year-old male presents with a painless midline neck mass that moves upward when he protrudes his tongue. Which condition is most likely responsible for this finding?

A) Lingual thyroid

B) Persistent cervical sinus

C) Thyroglossal duct cyst

D) Pharyngeal cleft cyst

A 28-year-old female presents with difficulty swallowing and a visible anterior neck mass that moves with protrusion of the tongue. Imaging reveals a cystic structure in the midline of the neck, just below the hyoid bone. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Laryngeal cleft

B) Branchial cleft cyst

C) Thyroglossal duct cyst

D) Cystic hygroma